Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Soundharya ¹, G. Prakash ¹

Affiliations
1 K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Namakkal Dist, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system is regarded as a promising solution to offer ultra-high data rate in wireless communications. The use of multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver (MIMO) significantly increases the capacity and spectral efficiency of wireless systems. This paper presents a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation for a 4×4 breadth first K-best MIMO decoder using a 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme. A novel sort free approach to path extension, as well as, quantized metrics result in a high throughput, low power and area. Finally, VLSI architectural tradeoffs are explored for a synthesized using synopsys the power analysis, throughput analysis in 120nm technology.

Keywords

FPGA Kit, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Sphere Decoder, VLSI, Wireless.

Full Text

     

L. Praveen ¹, G. Prakash ², K. Malarvizhi ³, S. Kathikeyan ⁴, B. Venkatraman ⁵

Affiliations
1 Production Department, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, IN
2 St Joseph College of Engineering, IN
3 Vel Tech University, IN
4 Mechanical Department, Tyagarajar College of Engineering, IN
5 IGCAR, Kalpakkam, IN

Abstract

Compared with other materials like metals. The non destructive testing of composites is still a relatively immature area. Composite material which are strong and can with stand very high loads but even a small flaw in such parts will lead to catroscopic failure. Defects as voids, dislocation can be detected by thermography technique. The two advanced types of thermography as Lock-in Thermography and Pulsed eddy current stimulated Thermography as to be applied on composites. Where the comparison and experimental result is analyzed based on the inspection of composite materials. Results shows the many calibrated values for different samples of glass fibers which will be help full for inspection for different thickness of composite materials. This paper shows the potential usefulness of the thermal methods.

Keywords

Composite, Lock-In Thermography, Pulsed Thermography, Glass Fibers.

Full Text

     

G. Prakash ¹, C. Subramani ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, St. Peter’s University, Chennai - 600054, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University, Kancheepuram - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This paper looks at the execution of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for a Quasi three phase Z-source inverter. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this study, a Quasi Z-source inverter is an another method got from the customary Z-source inverter. The Quasi Z-source inverter acquires every one of the upsides of the Z- source inverter, which is used for buck/boost, conditioning power and reversal in a solitary step with an enhanced dependability. Findings: Likewise, the proposed Quasi Z-source inverter has the novel points of interest in a minimum part appraisals and steady dc current from the source. QZSI highlights an extensive variety of voltage addition which is applicable for photovoltaic system applications, due to the reason a photovoltaic cells yield differs broadly with temperature and sunlight based illumination. The working attributes of the proposed arrangement is examined in subtle element and contrasted with that of the SPWM and SVM. Hypothetical examination of voltage help and regulation techniques for the QZSI in PV is researched in this paper. Applications/Improvements: Recreation of the circuit setup for the mentioned balance techniques have been looked at in MATLAB/Simulation. Moreover, the THD investigation of both SPVM and SVM is checked.

Keywords

Photovoltaic, Sinusoidal Pulse Modulation, Space Vector Modulation, Total Harmonic Distortion

Full Text

   

G. Prakash ¹, B. B. Hosetti ¹, B. L. Dhananjaya ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Zoology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, IN
2 Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Plants as dietary sources are known to have several chemoprotective agents. Dioscorea pentaphylla is an important medicinal plant, which is often used as edible food. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of D. pentaphylla extracts on the genotoxic effect induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in the Drosophila wing spot test. Materials and Methods: The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was carried out in Drosophila melanogaster. In transheterogyous larvae, multiple wing hair (mwh 3‑0.3) and flare (flr3‑38.8) genes were used as markers of the extent of mutagenicity. Results: It was observed thatall the three extracts (petroleum ether, choloroform, and ethyl alcohol) in the combined treatment had significantly inhibited the effect of MMS‑induced genotoxic effects. When compared to others, the ethanol extract showed a very significant antimutagenic activity. Conclusion: The compounds that are present in the extracts may directly interact with the methyl radical groups of MMS and inactivate them by chemical reaction. It is also possible that the compounds in the extract compete to interact with the nucleophilic sites in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus altering the binding of the mutagen to these sites. Although our results indicate that the compounds present in the extracts may directly interact with the methyl radical groups of MMS and inactivate them by chemical reaction, it may also be quite interesting to investigate through the other different mechanisms by which D. pentaphyllacould interfere in vivo on the effect of genotoxic agents.

Keywords

Antigenotoxicity, antioxidant, chemoprotective agents, diascoria pentaphylla, drosophila melanogaster, methyl methanesulfonate

Full Text

     

G. Prakash , B. B. Hosetti , B. L. Dhananjaya

Abstract

Objectives: The antimutagenic effect of caffeine is evaluated against ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutation rate in Drosophila. Materials and Methods: The mutation rate is evaluated using wing mosaic assay. In transheterozygous larvae, multiple wing hair (mwh 0.3-3) and flare (flr 3-38.8) genes were used as markers of the extent of mutagenicity. Results: The results at 0.5 and 1.0 mM EMS concentration at both 48 ± 4 and 72 ± 4 h have shown consistent increase in mutation rate, which was being measured as frequency of clone formation per 105 cells. Toxicity of caffeine at 5 mM concentration was parallel to that of distilled water alone. At 0.5 mM EMS concentration at 42 ± 4 and 72 ± 4 h, Drosophila larvae mutation rate was significantly increased. Although caffeine prevented mutation rate in all pre, post, and combined treatment, it was more significant in pretreatment experiments where it was found to be effective in reducing the genotoxicity of EMS. However, the concentration of caffeine as recommended in dietary allowance did not induce the frequency of mutant clones in somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) recorded. Conclusion: This study shows that caffeine significantly reduced the genotoxicity induced by EMS. However, the limitation in completely abolishing genotoxicity induced by EMS as observed at the dietary allowance of caffeine makes it interesting for further in-depth study. Further studies on the molecular mechanism of antigenotoxic effect of caffeine will also be interesting.

Keywords

Antimutagenicity, caffeine, drosophila melanogaster, ethyl methanesulfonate

Full Text

     

G. Prakash ¹, B. B. Hosetti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Zoology, Toxicology Lab, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta – 577 451, IN

Abstract

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude extracts of medicinally important and traditionally used yam plant, Dioscorea pentaphylla, from mid-Western Ghats was evaluated against 27 bacterial and 5 fungal clinical strains collected of the patients from infectious sources. The clinical strains belonging to their respective species showed concentration-dependent susceptibility toward crude petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and methanol extract at 100 μg/100 μl. The extracts exhibited predominant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-20852), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-29737) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-618), respectively, and five clinically isolated pathogenic fungi, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, Tricophyton tonsurans, Microsporum audouini, and Candida albicans, with antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin and antifungal drug fluconozole (50 μg/100 μl) as standards. Out of the three extracts, ethanol extracts possessed better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against all the bacterial strains. All the three extracts showed significant activity against all the five fungal pathogen strains. The results are promising and support the traditional use of D. pentaphylla for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

Keywords

Antifungal, antibacterial, Dioscorea pentaphylla, minimum inhibitory concentration

Full Text

     

J. Praveen ¹, P. O. Nameer ², Ashish Jha ³, Anish Aravind ⁴, K. G. Dilip ⁵, Dipu Karuthedathu ⁶, George Tom ¹, Hari Mavelikara ⁷, Harikumar Mannar ⁸, Jafer Palot ⁹, Jaichand Johnson ¹⁰, R. Jishnu ¹¹, K. Maxim Rodrigues ¹², P. M. Mujeeb ¹³, L. Namassivayan ¹⁴, Naveelal Payyeri ¹³, P. P. Nesrudheen ⁶, S. Prasanth Narayanan ⁸, S. S. Prasanth ⁶, M. C. Prashantha Krishna ¹², E. S. Praveen ¹⁵, Praveen Velayudhan ¹⁴, Premchand Reghuvaran ⁵, Raju Kidoor ¹², R. L. Rathish ¹⁶, R. Roshnath ¹⁷, C. Sashikumar ⁹, Satyan Meppayur ⁹, A. K. Sivakumar ¹⁰, A. K. Sreedevi ⁸, B. Sreekumar ⁸, E. R. Sreekumar ¹⁸, P. B. Sumesh ¹⁹, R. Venugopal ¹⁴, Vinod Venugopal ²⁰, C. K. Vishnudas ²¹, Vishnupriyan Kartha ⁵, Vivek Puliyeri ⁶, Suhel Quader ²², Abinand Reddy ²², Abdul Raheem Puthiyeri ⁹, K. Abdul Riyas ⁹, R. S. Abhijith ⁸, Abhijith Surendran ⁸, Abhin M. Sunil ¹⁸, Abhinand Chandran ¹³, C. Abhirami ¹⁸, Abhirami M. Jayakumar ¹⁸, Abhishek Sebastian Peter ¹⁰, N. V. Afreed Muhammed ²², Afthab Faisal Katakath ¹⁸, P. Ajai ⁸, Aju K. Raju ⁷, P. M. Akhil ¹⁴, U. S. Akhil ¹⁶, U. S. Amal ²³, Anamika Menon ²⁴, Anas Ibinu Ansari ¹⁵, K. S. Aneesh ¹⁰, S. Aneesh ⁷, C. Anjana Hari ¹⁸, R. Anjitha ¹², P. N. Anoop Raj ²⁵, Anu John ¹¹, Anuradha Varma ⁵, S. S. Anushreedha ¹⁰, C. K. Aravind ⁹, Arjun Ramachandran ¹⁸, B. Arun ⁶, Arun George ¹⁵, Arun P. Gopi ¹⁹, Arun Varghese ⁵, Arya Vinod ¹⁴, Ashley Shaji ¹⁰, V. M. Ashok Raj ⁶, Ashwin Viswanathan ²², Aslam Mohammed ⁹, A. Aswin ¹⁸, K. S. Aswin ¹⁸, A. Azhar Ali ¹⁸, P. B. Balaji ²⁶, M. Bibin Paul ¹⁶, J. Chaithra Shree ²⁶, Chandrasekaran Venkatraman ¹, K. Charutha ¹², Clareena T. Jose ¹⁸, Clince P. Jose ⁹, Dalip Singh ¹⁸, Devika Sanghamithra ¹⁸, Digvijay Singh Sikarwar ⁵, Divin Murukesh ⁶, V. Divin ¹, Fauzia Arief ⁵, Jaydev Mandal ²², P. J. Sarlin ¹⁰, A. Adil Nafar ⁶, K. H. Amitha Bachan ²⁷, V. Rejitha ⁷, R. S. Vishnu Dev ¹⁶, B. Elias Rowther ¹⁰, Firosh Raja ¹⁸, Geetha Iyer ¹, Ginu George ⁵, T. U. Gireesan ⁸, P. K. Girish Mohan ⁹, Glen Preetesh Dsouza ¹², G. Govind ¹⁰, P. Greeshma ¹⁵, P. M. Hari Prasad ⁸, T. V. Hariharan ⁹, A. Harith ¹⁰, C. Harith ¹², B. Hemanth ¹⁰, Ijaas Mohamed ⁵, J. Patrick David ⁵, P. K. Jain ²², P. Jameela ¹⁵, G. Jayakrishnan ⁸, K. Jishnu ⁹, M. O. Jismi ¹⁸, Jithin Johnson ⁵, C. Joel Soniya ¹⁰, Jose Rani Babu ¹⁸, Joseph Roy ¹⁰, Jyothish Nelson ⁸, M. Jyothi Krishnan ¹⁸, K. Pranav Bhandary ¹², K. M. Jamaludheen ⁵, Kavingal Ravi ¹⁴, Karthik Thrikkadeeri ¹⁴, Kausthubh K. Nair ⁵, B. S. Kiran ²¹, Kiran S. Kumar ¹⁰, D. Kishore Raj ¹⁰, Kishore Kumar Panaganti ²², M. Krishna Moorthy ¹⁴, R. Krishna Murthy ¹, M. R. Krishnanunni ¹⁸, Latha Prabhakaran ⁵, K. K. Lathika ⁶, Libin Abraham ⁷, G. Hari Narayanan ⁸, Madhumita Panigrahi ²⁸, S. Manav ¹⁴, Manoj Karingamadathil ¹⁵, T. R. Manoj ²⁶, Manu Thomas ¹⁰, P. P. Manuel ¹⁵, Mebin George Varghese ⁸, P. Megha Chandran ¹², M. Mohammad Sulaiman ¹⁴, Mohammed Ashif Madathil ⁶, V. K. Mohammed Hirash ⁹, K. Mohammed Ramees ¹⁰, M. Sadique Thirunnavaya ⁶, A. P. Muhammed Niyas ¹⁰, C. T. Muhasin ⁶, Mukundan Kizhakkemadham ⁵, Naseerudheen Abdul Azeez ¹⁴, P. V. Nikhil ¹⁰, C. Niranjana ²⁹, Nisha Mundekad ³⁰, Nithin Mohan ¹⁰, A. Pavithra ⁵, Poornima Viswanathan ⁹, P. Pramod ²⁸, G. Prakash ²⁶, S. Prasath ²⁶, Prasoon Prakash ¹⁰, N. Preethi ¹⁴, Rahul Rajeevan ²², M. Rajaguru ¹⁴, V. Rajarajan ¹, Raju Sankaran ¹⁵, K. Ratheesh ¹⁰, Rayan Pradeep Crasta ¹², Remya Mohan ¹⁴, Renju ¹⁹, Robin C. Koshy ⁷, Rohan Rai ¹², Roshin Tom ²², Sachin Chandran ⁹, M. V. Sachinkrishna ¹⁸, M. V. Saeed Anvar Ali ¹⁴, Sajitha Siril ¹⁸, D. D. Samarth Bharadwaj ²², Samuel George ²², Sancia Morris ¹⁰, Sandeep Augustine ⁵, Sandeep K. Das ⁵, Sandie Morris ¹⁰, P. R. Sandra ¹⁵, T. K. Sanuraj ¹², Saurabh Sawant ¹, Savio Morris ¹⁰, K. Selvaganesh ²⁰, K. Shahil ²², N. N. Shahina ¹⁸, Shahul Valasy ⁹, P. K. Siji ¹⁵, Siju Joseph ⁷, R. Sivashankar ¹⁵, Siyad A. Karim ⁷, Sreehari K. Mohan ¹⁸, Sreehari M. Pillai ¹¹, M. Sri Sowmiya ⁹, K. T. Srinila ⁶, K. S. Subin ¹⁵, V. G. Sujith ¹⁰, Suryamol Sukumaran ¹⁰, M. S. Syamili ¹⁸, Tarun Menon ¹⁴, Tejas Praveen ¹, S. A. Thilak ⁵, Tony Antony ³¹, U. R Ullas ³², Vinod Ooralath Sivaji ⁷, Vishnu Narayanan ¹⁰, M. Vishnu Sreejith ⁹, A. Vivek Chandran ¹⁵, Vivek Sudhakaran ¹⁴, R. Vridhi ¹⁵, Wahiba Irshad Humam ¹⁸, Yadukrishna J. Uchummal ²², M. A. Yathumon ⁹

Affiliations
1 KeralaBirder, Ambadi, Kunnathurmedu, Palakkad 678 013, India, IN
2 College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
3 College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
4 Cochin Natural History Society, Revathi Bhavan, Edathala P. O., Aluva 683 561, India; Kottayam Nature Society, Sri Nilayam, Near Union Club, Kottayam 686 001, India, IN
5 Cochin Natural History Society, Revathi Bhavan, Edathala P. O., Aluva 683 561, India, IN
6 Malappuram Birders, Tirur, Malappuram 676 101, India, IN
7 Pathanamthitta Birders, Pathanamthitta 689 645, India, IN
8 Kottayam Nature Society, Sri Nilayam, Near Union Club, Kottayam 686 001, India, IN
9 Malabar Natural History Society, Susheela Mandir, B.G. Road, Nadakkavu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 011, India, IN
10 WWF-India, CO Madhavan Road, Ayyankali Nagar, Kunnukuzhy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 035, India, IN
11 Kollam Birding Battalion, Kollam 691 010, India, IN
12 Kasaragod Birders, Kasaragod 671 121, India, IN
13 Malabar Natural History Society, Susheela Mandir, B.G. Road, Nadakkavu P.O., Kozhikode, 673 011, India; Calicut Birders Club, Bellevue Dental Muthappan Complex, Patteri, Kozhikode 673 016, India, IN
14 Natural History Society of Palakkad, Palakkad 678 001, India, IN
15 Kole Birders Collective, Thrissur 680 555, India, IN
16 Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 673 576, India, IN
17 Malabar Awareness and Rescue Centre For Wildlife, Chettipedika, Kannur 670 004, India, IN
18 Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
19 Birders Ezhupunna, Puthiyaparambil (H), Ezhupunna South P. O, Cherthala. Alappuzha 688 537, India, IN
20 Young Birders Club, Palakkad 678 001, India, IN
21 Hume Centre for Ecology and Wildlife Biology, 4th Cross Rd, Subhash Nagar, Kalpetta, Wayanad 673 121, India, IN
22 Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, ‘Amritha’, 12th Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570 002, India, IN
23 Kollam Birding Battalion, Kollam 691 010, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
24 WWF-India, CO Madhavan Road, Ayyankali Nagar, Kunnukuzhy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 035, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
25 Natural History Society of Palakkad, Palakkad 678 001, India; Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore 641 108, India, IN
26 Sálim Ali Nature Forum, Coimbatore 641 108, India, IN
27 Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation, Extension Centre, MES Asmabi College, P. Vemballur, Thrissur 680 691, India, IN
28 Sálim Ali Nature Forum, Coimbatore 641 108, India; Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore 641 108, India, IN
29 Natural History Society of Palakkad, Palakkad 678 001, India; Department of Wildlife Science, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680 656, India, IN
30 Cochin Natural History Society, Revathi Bhavan, Edathala P. O., Aluva 683 561, India; Malappuram Birders, Tirur, Malappuram 676 101, India, IN
31 Pathanamthitta Birders, Pathanamthitta 689 645, India; Kottayam Nature Society, Sri Nilayam, Near Union Club, Kottayam 686 001, India, IN
32 WWF-India, CO Madhavan Road, Ayyankali Nagar, Kunnukuzhy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 035, India; Kole Birders Collective, Thrissur 680 555, India, IN

Abstract

Citizen-science driven exercises (e.g. bird surveys) and online platforms (e.g. eBird) provide voluminous data on bird occurrence. However, the semi-structured nature of their data collection makes it difficult to compare bird distribution across space and time. Bird atlases are based on standardized surveys and des­cribe the distribution of bird species over a predefined region and have fewer biases, and thus are better suited for use in research. The recently concluded Kerala Bird Atlas (henceforth KBA) is Asia’s largest bird atlas in terms of geographical extent, sampling effort and species coverage. The entire state of Kerala was systematically surveyed twice a year during 2015–20 and over 0.3 million records of 380 species from 25,000 checklists were aggregated. The dataset was filtered and various metrics were estimated. A total of 915 cells were laid out for systematic surveys, of which 888 were surveyed in either or both the seasons – dry season (January–March) and wet season (July–September); 27 cells could not be surveyed in either of the seasons due to logistical constraints. However, this variation in sampling effort had a minimal effect on survey completeness. The slope of the species accumulation curve suggested near-complete species sampling in over 70% of the cells. After eliminating nocturnal and pelagic species, data from 361 species were analysed. Species count was higher in the dry season than in the wet season. Species richness (count) and evenness were higher in the northern and central districts than in the southern districts. High elevation regions of the southern Western Ghats were the largest contiguous areas lacking sufficient sampling. We found that most of the endemics were concentrated in the Western Ghats, but threatened species were as likely to occur along the coasts as in the Ghats. The KBA dataset is a valuable resource for testing various ecological hypotheses and suggesting science-backed conservation measures. KBA model could be replicated for similar atlases in other states or biogeographic regions of India

Full Text